Geostationary Satellite View¶
The geos projection pictures how a geostationary satellite scans the earth at regular scanning angle intervals.
Classification |
Azimuthal |
Available forms |
Forward and inverse, spherical and ellipsoidal |
Defined area |
Global |
Alias |
geos |
Domain |
2D |
Input type |
Geodetic coordinates |
Output type |
Projected coordinates |
Usage¶
In order to project using the geos projection you can do the following:
proj +proj=geos +h=35785831.0
The required argument h
is the viewing point (satellite position) height above
the earth.
The projection coordinate relate to the scanning angle by the following simple relation:
scanning_angle (radians) = projection_coordinate / h
Note on sweep angle¶
The viewing instrument on-board geostationary satellites described by this
projection have a two-axis gimbal viewing geometry. This means that the different
scanning positions are obtained by rotating the gimbal along a N/S axis (or y
)
and a E/W axis (or x
).
In the image above, the outer-gimbal axis, or sweep-angle axis, is the N/S axis (y
)
while the inner-gimbal axis, or fixed-angle axis, is the E/W axis (x
).
This example represents the scanning geometry of the Meteosat series satellite.
However, the GOES satellite series use the opposite scanning geometry, with the
E/W axis (x
) as the sweep-angle axis, and the N/S (y
) as the fixed-angle axis.
The sweep argument is used to tell PROJ which on which axis the outer-gimbal is rotating. The possible values are x or y, y being the default. Thus, the scanning geometry of the Meteosat series satellite should take sweep as y, and GOES should take sweep as x.
Parameters¶
Required¶
- +h=<value>¶
Height of the view point above the Earth and must be in the same units as the radius of the sphere or semimajor axis of the ellipsoid.
Optional¶
- +sweep=<axis>¶
Sweep angle axis of the viewing instrument. Valid options are "x" and "y".
Defaults to "y".
- +lon_0=<value>¶
Central meridian/longitude of natural origin, longitude of origin or longitude of false origin (naming and meaning depend on the projection method).
Defaults to 0.0.
Note
The default convention is to interpret this value as decimal degrees. To specify radians instead, follow the value with the "r" character.
Example: +lon_0=1.570796r
See Projection Units for more information.
- +R=<value>¶
Radius of the sphere, given in meters. If used in conjunction with
+ellps
,+R
takes precedence.See Ellipsoid size parameters for more information.
- +ellps=<value>¶
The name of a built-in ellipsoid definition.
See Ellipsoids for more information, or execute
proj -le
for a list of built-in ellipsoid names.Defaults to "GRS80".
- +x_0=<value>¶
False easting, easting at false origin or easting at projection centre (naming and meaning depend on the projection method). Always in meters.
Defaults to 0.0.
- +y_0=<value>¶
False northing, northing at false origin or northing at projection centre (naming and meaning depend on the projection method). Always in meters.
Defaults to 0.0.